TV SCHEDULING
1. The schedule for each day can be broken down into clear segments. How would you categorise these segments?
- Breakfast - Daytime - Children - Family - Adult (after 9pm)
2. Who are the target audiences for these segments?
- Breakfast > more 'split'
- Daytime > Unemployed students, elderly, housewives.
- Children
- Family - peak time
- Adults (after 9pm)
3. What would you say are the most popular genres on television?
* News
* Game Shows
* Talk Shows
* Soap Opera
* Sit-Coms
* Film
4. Who is the target audience of each terrestrial channel? Give examples of scheduled programmes to support your views.
BBC ONE: Mixed (anybody) mass broadcasting channels
BBC TWO: Intellectual adults, minority . Educated
ITV1: Mixed (anybody ) mass broadcasting channels
CHANNEL 4: Young adults
CHANNEL 5: Mass audience channel: creates variety
5. Roughly, what percentage of each channels schedules is taken up with repeats? Why do you think this is ?
Any channel which is not BBC related as it is cheaper for them to repeat a programme . Repeats are mainly in the day time rather than peak time.
6. Which channels have more imported programmes in their schedules? Why do you think this might be?
Channel 4 & Channel 5
- Havent got as much money so it is cheaper.
7. What do you understand by the term ' the watershed' and where does this occur in TV schedules?
- The watershed is getting rid of an audience (children)
9.00pm > watershed
Now days > 10.00
Friday, 24 September 2010
Research and Planning
Michael Jackson and Bubbles: The untold story
Type of documetntary: Mixed
Themes: Music, relationships, animals.
* Archive footage of video
* Interview with Latoya
* Archive chat shows
* Images of bubbles in cage
* MJ music in the background
* Graphics title - Scribbling red and white decorative writing
* Newspaper shots
* Archive of Michael Jackson running into building
* White sans serif font - name, job
* Interview with woman beside bubbles (Mise-en-scene)
* Interview with Latoya jackson in car
* Narration
* Effects - sound effects, colour over
* Home video footage > woman with dog
* Stock footage interview with Joe Jackson.
* Voiceover - standard english, deep man voice.
* Conventional interviews: Medium close up, extreme close up.
* Linear single strand narrative structure.
* Archive: MJ making speeches about his tour. News of his death.
* Closed narrative structure.
Type of documetntary: Mixed
Themes: Music, relationships, animals.
* Archive footage of video
* Interview with Latoya
* Archive chat shows
* Images of bubbles in cage
* MJ music in the background
* Graphics title - Scribbling red and white decorative writing
* Newspaper shots
* Archive of Michael Jackson running into building
* White sans serif font - name, job
* Interview with woman beside bubbles (Mise-en-scene)
* Interview with Latoya jackson in car
* Narration
* Effects - sound effects, colour over
* Home video footage > woman with dog
* Stock footage interview with Joe Jackson.
* Voiceover - standard english, deep man voice.
* Conventional interviews: Medium close up, extreme close up.
> Graphics text over interviewee: White sans serif font. block capitals. Name + Job
* Linear single strand narrative structure.
* Archive: MJ making speeches about his tour. News of his death.
* Closed narrative structure.
Research and Planning
The 9/11 Faker
* Archive footage of towers falling down
* Interviews: Conventional. Interviewee to left or right of screen. Eye line third of the way down.
> Backgrounds - Interviews in houses, offices. filmed in medium close up or close up.
* Extreme close ups of domestic items such as cups , chairs.
* Cuts between shots of around New York.
* Effects: All of these images are edited so that they have a 'blue tint' look to them.
> Busy traffic - lights out of focus
> Panning up and down buildings - Relative to the documentary topic as it is about towers.
* Arhive footage: Woman on news, video footage of her giving tours of 9/11 attack.
* Voiceover: Standard english, calm voice.
* Mixed Documentary
* Single Strand narrative
* Non - Linear narrative structure > Story reveals itself in parts, goes back to the beginning.
* Open narrative structure - shown by end dialogue ''we will never know what she is planning next"
* Pan across photoframes with pictures of survivors on.
* Themes: Death, survival, loss, devastation, tragedy.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lI1kTbRVgqQ
VIDEO OF DOCUMENTARY
* Archive footage of towers falling down
* Interviews: Conventional. Interviewee to left or right of screen. Eye line third of the way down.
> Backgrounds - Interviews in houses, offices. filmed in medium close up or close up.
* Extreme close ups of domestic items such as cups , chairs.
* Cuts between shots of around New York.
* Effects: All of these images are edited so that they have a 'blue tint' look to them.
> Busy traffic - lights out of focus
> Panning up and down buildings - Relative to the documentary topic as it is about towers.
* Arhive footage: Woman on news, video footage of her giving tours of 9/11 attack.
* Voiceover: Standard english, calm voice.
* Mixed Documentary
* Single Strand narrative
* Non - Linear narrative structure > Story reveals itself in parts, goes back to the beginning.
* Open narrative structure - shown by end dialogue ''we will never know what she is planning next"
* Pan across photoframes with pictures of survivors on.
* Themes: Death, survival, loss, devastation, tragedy.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lI1kTbRVgqQ
VIDEO OF DOCUMENTARY
Research and Planning
Series: That thing Broadcast on BBC2: Lara Croft
* Graphics: Title, white bubble around it
* Mixed Documentary
* Tilted frame interview of computer screen
* Graphics: white sans serif font
* Interview infront of chromake
* Fast motion
* Fast pace sound
* Dark lighting hardly see face
* Stock footage: Angelina Jolies interview
Themes: Representation of women .. power of the media
Narrative Structure: Closed, Non linear, Single Strand
Camera work: Eyeline third way down. Eyeline to left or right of screen, medium close up .
* Going around room, handheld, fast motion, whip pans. Tracking shot - barbie sequence.
Mise-en-scene: Used chromake as the background > the game being played (moving) > Out of focus so that it did not distract from the interview.
Sound: Voiceover> calm, clear, male, standard english > someone who played the game. The music background of the game and gunfire. Madonnas music was played because she gave the representation and powerful women. > One of the interviewees talk about madonna.
Editing: man doing interview on computer screen. Visual joke because he is the creator of the game.
> Fast motion used where the camera is walking down to the cyber cafe.
Archive: Lara Croft: Tomb Raider , Angelina Jolie interview, websites, magazines, newspapers.
Graphivs: White sans serif font > Relevance to 'that thing' All lower case text.
* Graphics: Title, white bubble around it
* Mixed Documentary
* Tilted frame interview of computer screen
* Graphics: white sans serif font
* Interview infront of chromake
* Fast motion
* Fast pace sound
* Dark lighting hardly see face
* Stock footage: Angelina Jolies interview
Themes: Representation of women .. power of the media
Narrative Structure: Closed, Non linear, Single Strand
Camera work: Eyeline third way down. Eyeline to left or right of screen, medium close up .
* Going around room, handheld, fast motion, whip pans. Tracking shot - barbie sequence.
Mise-en-scene: Used chromake as the background > the game being played (moving) > Out of focus so that it did not distract from the interview.
Sound: Voiceover> calm, clear, male, standard english > someone who played the game. The music background of the game and gunfire. Madonnas music was played because she gave the representation and powerful women. > One of the interviewees talk about madonna.
Editing: man doing interview on computer screen. Visual joke because he is the creator of the game.
> Fast motion used where the camera is walking down to the cyber cafe.
Archive: Lara Croft: Tomb Raider , Angelina Jolie interview, websites, magazines, newspapers.
Graphivs: White sans serif font > Relevance to 'that thing' All lower case text.
Thursday, 23 September 2010
Research and Planning
TITLE OF PROGRAMME: BBC2 Series: The Music Bizz - The marketing of Meatloaf.
TYPE OF DOCUMENTRY: Mixed
THEMES: Marketing of music, creation of image, power of the media to influence audiences behaviour.
NARRATIVE STRUCTURE:
* Non - Linear
* Closed narrative
* Single strand narrative
CAMERA WORK:
Conventional interview camera wor: framed to the left or right of screen. Medium close up or close up eyeline third of the way down.
> Variety of camera work - different shot types
* Extreme close ups of CD front covers . * Camera movement , panning.
* Handheld camera - behind the scenes footage. > MEatload has four different interviews which have been cut between. Filming te media rather than being a part of the media.
MISE-EN-SCENE:
* Chromake (blue or greenscreen)
- Background of chromake is archive or actuality footage which is related to what the interviewee is talking about.
SOUND:
Voiceover > Sarcastic, male, standard english, scottish accent. Calm and clear delivery. * Became intertwined with the footage.
- Meatloafs music video is used over some voiceovers and other footage.
EDITING:
- Interviewees dissolve in and out
- Montage on chromake
- Cut through the 3 interviews with no voiceover (cross cut) which constructed the narrative.
Froze video on interview when it was o chromake.
- cross cutting between behind the scenes footage and of the music video.
ARCHIVE MATERIAL:
Magazine background with artists speaking in the image.
* Interviews: typography to the left or right of screen in white serif font used captial letters and italics.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GNhdQRbXhc
TYPE OF DOCUMENTRY: Mixed
THEMES: Marketing of music, creation of image, power of the media to influence audiences behaviour.
NARRATIVE STRUCTURE:
* Non - Linear
* Closed narrative
* Single strand narrative
CAMERA WORK:
Conventional interview camera wor: framed to the left or right of screen. Medium close up or close up eyeline third of the way down.
> Variety of camera work - different shot types
* Extreme close ups of CD front covers . * Camera movement , panning.
* Handheld camera - behind the scenes footage. > MEatload has four different interviews which have been cut between. Filming te media rather than being a part of the media.
MISE-EN-SCENE:
* Chromake (blue or greenscreen)
- Background of chromake is archive or actuality footage which is related to what the interviewee is talking about.
SOUND:
Voiceover > Sarcastic, male, standard english, scottish accent. Calm and clear delivery. * Became intertwined with the footage.
- Meatloafs music video is used over some voiceovers and other footage.
EDITING:
- Interviewees dissolve in and out
- Montage on chromake
- Cut through the 3 interviews with no voiceover (cross cut) which constructed the narrative.
Froze video on interview when it was o chromake.
- cross cutting between behind the scenes footage and of the music video.
- Magazine CD covers
- TV Clips
- Music videos
- Hosts on chat shows
- Award Ceremony
- Newspaper headlines
- Magazine footage
- Chart run down of TOTP
- Americana nd UK news
- Used partly as chromake.
Magazine background with artists speaking in the image.
* Interviews: typography to the left or right of screen in white serif font used captial letters and italics.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GNhdQRbXhc
Research and Planning
The Devil made me do it (Public enemy number one)
TYPE OF DOCUMENTARY: Mixed
THEMES: Devil worship, murder, crime, religion, culture, investigation, youth, society, power of the media.
NARRATIVE STRUCTURE: * Open narrative structure > exploring motivation behind the structure
* Non - linear: gos back to the nuns funeral
* Single strand
TYPE OF DOCUMENTARY: Mixed
THEMES: Devil worship, murder, crime, religion, culture, investigation, youth, society, power of the media.
NARRATIVE STRUCTURE: * Open narrative structure > exploring motivation behind the structure
* Non - linear: gos back to the nuns funeral
* Single strand
CAMERA WORK: Interviews: close up, medium close up, from left or right of screen. Low angles on marilyn manson makes him appear visually powerful. Eye line third of the way down.
Interview with guy selling posters (not pre-arranged) Handheld cam.
Two Shot > Couple sat on the couch.
Point of view shot of police inspectore. Close up of the face
Lots of stock footage.. Churches, religious iconography, bell towers, crosses. Low/High angle (creativity in filming) Tracking, panning, zoom, crane. Establishing shots used to establish the location.
* Point of view shot of a fan in the crowd at mansons gigs.
* Birds eye view shot of the graveyard.
* Mansons press conferences - Observation - camera observing the press conference.
SOUND: Voiceover ( the glue that holds the narrative together ) >>Male narrator, standard english - very calm in his delivery. Other voices were also used to translat.
* Manson music
* Choral, religous music
* Sound effects used
Dialogue: " I spend a lot more time taling to the kids than they do "
EDITING: ( Straight cuts )
* When he is saying how boring it is there is stock footage to connote further and relate to what he is saying.
* Priest being called to the town. Dont see the actual interview at all, audio whilst he is driving along dark empty roads looking tired. This connotes that he has been effected by it.
* Use images to tell the story. I.E when describing a telephone conversation, they use a telephone.
* editing in sound effects on confessin to infer story.
* nuns heartbeat in background > goes faster , then slower, then to a stop, door closing, whispering, dog barking, banging, slamming, church bell, silence. Shows the death of the nun.
ARCHIVE MATERIAL:
* News footage of different events
* Italian TV talk show
* American TV coverage
* Websites
* Newspapers
* Still images > Self harming girls
* Various manson concerts.
GRAPHICS:
* White sans serif font > name of person + there relevance to the topic of documentary.
* Anchor the meaning .. Left or right of screen.. name is bigger than bottom line
* Title: Gothic and stylised,
* White text - close the narrative of trial (into sentancing) - Credits- scrolling conventionally upscreen.
Monday, 20 September 2010
Research and Planning
The purpose of the documentary is to DOCUMENT, that is to report, with evidence, something that has actually happened. It can show this by using ACTUALITY FOOTAGE or reconstuction. It can use a narrators voiceover to anchor the meaning or rely on the participants themselves with perheaps the occasional interjection by the narrator.
John Grierson > General Post Office Film Unit (1930's)
* Defined documentaries as "the creative treatmeant of acuality" (reality)
Features of Documentaries
John Corner - University of Liverpool. * 5 central elemenets of documentary
OBSERVATION: The programme makers pretend that the camera is unseen/ignored by the people taking part in the events. The audience are like an eye witness observing the story being told.
INTERVIEW: (most important aspect) Documentaries rely heavily on interviews.
DRAMATISATION: All documentaries use a sense of drama through the observation element. Mainly in editing or a dramatic reconstruction.
MISE-EN-SCENE: Documentary makers carefully construct shots.
EXPOSITION: The line of argument in a documentary. It is what the documnetary is "saying"
Different types of documentary
FULLY NARRATED: A voice over is used to convey the expostion For example: Natural History. Voiceover is used to make sense of the visuals and dominates their meaning.
FLY ON THE WALL: Draws on the french film movement 'Cinema Verite' (truth). The camera is unseen or ignored and simply records real events as they unfold.
MIXED DOCUMENTARY: A combination of interview, observation. actuality and archive material and narration to advance the argument/narrative.
SELF-REFLECTIVE: When the subject of the documentary acknowledges the presence of the camera and often speaks directly to the programme maker.
DOCUDRAMA: Re-enhancement of events
DOCUSOAP: A combination of documentary and soap opera. A group of cenral protagonists. For example - 'airport'
Structure of documentaries
Narrative Structure
One or the other > Open - loose ends which are not tied up at the end
> Closed - There is a definate conclusion to the narrative
Linear Narrative Structure - follows chronological order
Non Linear Narrative Structure - things are not in the same order (use of flashback/flashforward)
Circular Narrative Structure: The beginning and end are the same.
VISUALS: Television is a visual medium
* The programme needs to be visually stimulating
> Archive material: street scenes, open countryside, cut of faces (stock footage)
VOX POP (vox populis) - Voice of the people
* Go on the street, set up a camera and ask them the same answers
Construction of reality
Gatekeeping: Where the producer selects and rejects people/facts/info for inclusion in a media text.
* Editing Process > Where gatekeeping happens in a documentary.
> Voiceover can also effect the meaning.
PROPAGANDA - Where you deliberately set out to influence the voice and the opinion of others.
John Grierson > General Post Office Film Unit (1930's)
* Defined documentaries as "the creative treatmeant of acuality" (reality)
Features of Documentaries
John Corner - University of Liverpool. * 5 central elemenets of documentary
OBSERVATION: The programme makers pretend that the camera is unseen/ignored by the people taking part in the events. The audience are like an eye witness observing the story being told.
INTERVIEW: (most important aspect) Documentaries rely heavily on interviews.
DRAMATISATION: All documentaries use a sense of drama through the observation element. Mainly in editing or a dramatic reconstruction.
MISE-EN-SCENE: Documentary makers carefully construct shots.
EXPOSITION: The line of argument in a documentary. It is what the documnetary is "saying"
Different types of documentary
FULLY NARRATED: A voice over is used to convey the expostion For example: Natural History. Voiceover is used to make sense of the visuals and dominates their meaning.
FLY ON THE WALL: Draws on the french film movement 'Cinema Verite' (truth). The camera is unseen or ignored and simply records real events as they unfold.
MIXED DOCUMENTARY: A combination of interview, observation. actuality and archive material and narration to advance the argument/narrative.
SELF-REFLECTIVE: When the subject of the documentary acknowledges the presence of the camera and often speaks directly to the programme maker.
DOCUDRAMA: Re-enhancement of events
DOCUSOAP: A combination of documentary and soap opera. A group of cenral protagonists. For example - 'airport'
Structure of documentaries
Narrative Structure
One or the other > Open - loose ends which are not tied up at the end
> Closed - There is a definate conclusion to the narrative
Linear Narrative Structure - follows chronological order
Non Linear Narrative Structure - things are not in the same order (use of flashback/flashforward)
Circular Narrative Structure: The beginning and end are the same.
VISUALS: Television is a visual medium
* The programme needs to be visually stimulating
> Archive material: street scenes, open countryside, cut of faces (stock footage)
VOX POP (vox populis) - Voice of the people
* Go on the street, set up a camera and ask them the same answers
Construction of reality
Gatekeeping: Where the producer selects and rejects people/facts/info for inclusion in a media text.
* Editing Process > Where gatekeeping happens in a documentary.
> Voiceover can also effect the meaning.
PROPAGANDA - Where you deliberately set out to influence the voice and the opinion of others.
Friday, 10 September 2010
Research and Planning
These are links to two video's which we analysed for codes and conventions.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42Zj8R0kumw&feature=player_embedded
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cqa5qFzgmbA&feature=player_embedded
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42Zj8R0kumw&feature=player_embedded
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cqa5qFzgmbA&feature=player_embedded
Wednesday, 8 September 2010
Codes and Conventions of Filming and Editing Interviews
In our first lesson back at A2 we were given a break down of how this years course is set out. Then we also began to expand our knowledge on the codes and conventions of filming and editing interviews.
Codes and Conventions
- The interviewee is positioned to the left or right of the frame. (if more than one interview it alternates)
- Interviewees are usually filmed in: medium shot, medium close up and close up
- Questions asked in an interview are edited out
- MIS - EN - SCENE: background reinforces the content of the interview or is relevant to the interviewee, providing more information about them in terms of occupation/personal environment.
- Graphic are used to anchor who the person is on screen and their relevance to the topic of the documentary.
- Interviewee looks at the interviewer and not directly at the camera
- Positioning of the interviewer is therefore important: If the interviewee is on the right of the frame, the interviewer is on the right of the camera.
- the interviewer should sit/stand as close to the camera as poss.
- Mainly all sat down
- Interviews are never filmed with a light source behind the interviewee I.E: in a window, the light is always behind the camera.
- Framing follows the rule of thirds: Eyeline of interviewee is roughly a third of the way down.
- Cut-aways are edited into interview to.. 1. Break up illustraion 2. Avoid jump cuts when questions are edited.
Codes and Conventions
- The interviewee is positioned to the left or right of the frame. (if more than one interview it alternates)
- Interviewees are usually filmed in: medium shot, medium close up and close up
- Questions asked in an interview are edited out
- MIS - EN - SCENE: background reinforces the content of the interview or is relevant to the interviewee, providing more information about them in terms of occupation/personal environment.
- Graphic are used to anchor who the person is on screen and their relevance to the topic of the documentary.
- Interviewee looks at the interviewer and not directly at the camera
- Positioning of the interviewer is therefore important: If the interviewee is on the right of the frame, the interviewer is on the right of the camera.
- the interviewer should sit/stand as close to the camera as poss.
- Mainly all sat down
- Interviews are never filmed with a light source behind the interviewee I.E: in a window, the light is always behind the camera.
- Framing follows the rule of thirds: Eyeline of interviewee is roughly a third of the way down.
- Cut-aways are edited into interview to.. 1. Break up illustraion 2. Avoid jump cuts when questions are edited.
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